Astrometric Observations of the Galilean Moons of Jupiter at the Pulkovo Normal Astrograph in 2016−2017     

N. V. Narizhnaya  M. Yu. Khovrichev  A. A. Apetyan  D. A. Bikulova  A. P. Ershova  I. A. Balyaev  A. M. Kulikova  K. I. Os’kina  L. A. Maksimova 《Solar System Research》2018,52(4):312-319

We present the results of observations of the Galilean moons of Jupiter carried out at the Normal Astrograph of the Pulkovo Observatory in 2016?2017. We obtained 761 positions of the Galilean moons of Jupiter in the system of the Gaia DR1 catalog (ICRF, J2000.0) and 854 differential coordinates of the satellites relative to each other. The mean errors in the satellites’ normal places and the corresponding root-mean-square deviations are ε_α = 0.0020′′, ε_δ = 0.0027′′, σ_α = 0.0546′′, and σ_δ = 0.0757′′. The equatorial coordinates of the moons are compared to the motion theories of planets and satellites. On average, the (O–C) residuals in the both coordinates relative to the motion theories are less than 0.031′′. The best agreement with observations is achieved by a combination of the EPM2015 and V. Lainey-V.2.0|V1.1 motion theories, which yields the average (O–C) residuals of approximately 0.02″. Peculiarities in the behavior of the (O–C) residuals and error values in Ganymede have been noticed.  相似文献   

Underway Research Aboard the R/V <Emphasis Type="Italic">Akademik Boris Petrov</Emphasis>     

I. A. Nemirovskaya  A. M. Titova 《Oceanology》2018,58(5):760-762

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Behavior of Parameters of Enhancements in the Nighttime Electron Concentration in the Ionospheric <Emphasis Type="Italic">F</Emphasis>2 Layer     

A. F. Yakovets  G. I. Gordienko 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(1):83-89

We have analyzed the behavior of the F2 layer parameters during nighttime periods of enhanced electron concentration by the results of vertical sounding of the ionosphere carried out with five-minute periodicity in Almaty (76°55′ E, 43°15′ N) in 2001–2012. The results are obtained within the frameworks of the unified concept of different types of ionospheric plasma disturbances manifested as variations in the height and half-thickness of the layer accompanied by an increase and decrease of N _m F2 at the moments of maximum compression and expansion of the layer. A good correlation is found between height h _Am , which corresponds to the maximum increase, and layer peak height h _m F, while h _Am is always less than h _m F. The difference between h _Am and h _m F linearly increases with increasing h _m F. Whereas the difference is ~38 km for h _m F = 280 km, it is ~54 km for h _m F = 380 km. Additionally, the correlation is good between the increase in the electron concentration in the layer maximum ΔN _m and the maximum enhancement at the fixed height ΔN; the electron concentration enhancement in the layer maximum is about two to three times lower than its maximum enhancement at the fixed height.  相似文献   

Ionosphere as an Indicator of Processes in the Geospace,Troposphere, and Lithosphere     

I. G. Zakharov  L. F. Chernogor 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(3):430-437

The possible causes of the strong ionospheric day-to-day variability under the influence of processes in the geospace, troposphere, and lithosphere are considered based on the data of the critical frequency of the F2 layer of the ionosphere at two observation stations. It is shown that even in the absence of powerful events, the ionosphere is influenced both “from above” and “from below”; in this case, the ionosphere can respond to an external action as an open nonlinear dissipative system.  相似文献   

Diagnostic Analysis of the Solar Proton Flares of September 2017 by Their Radio Bursts     

I. M. Chertok 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(4):457-463

The powerful solar flares that occurred on September 4–10, 2017 are analyzed based on a quantitative diagnostics method for proton flares developed at the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere and Radio-Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN) in the 1970–1980s. We show that the fluxes and energy spectra of the protons reached the Earth with the energies of tens of MeV qualitatively and quantitatively correspond to the intensity and frequency spectra of the microwave radio bursts in the range of 2.7–15.4 GHz. Specifically, the flare of September 4 with a peak radio flux S ~ 2000 sfu at the frequency f ~ 3 GHz (i.e., with the soft radio spectrum) was accompanied by a significant proton flux J (>10 MeV) ~100 pfu and a soft energy spectrum with the index γ ~3.0, while the strong flare on September 10 with S ~ 21000 sfu at f ~ 15 GHz (i.e., with the hard radio spectrum) led to a very intense proton event with J (>10 MeV) ~1000 pfu with a hard spectrum (γ ~ 1.4), including the ground level enhancement (GLE72). This is further evidence that microwave radio data can be successfully used in diagnostics of proton flares independently of a specific source of particle acceleration at the Sun, in particular, with the IZMIRAN method.  相似文献   

Reconstruction of the Production Rate of Cosmogenic 14C in the Earth’s Atmosphere for 17 000–5000 BC     

Kudryavtsev  I. V.  Volobuev  D. M.  Dergachev  V. A.  Nagovitsyn  Yu. A.  Ogurtsov  M. G. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(7):925-929

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Carbon isotope 14С is produced in the Earth’s atmosphere by energetic cosmic-ray (CR) particles. The data on its atmospheric abundance are used to...  相似文献   

A System of Mathematical Models Underlying Water Use and Disposal Strategies     

V. I. Danilov-Danilyan  I. L. Khranovich 《Water Resources》2018,45(2):289-296

A methodology of interaction between water management systems and water users in the formation of water use and disposal strategies under uncertain conditions is considered. The strategies are developed in a four-stage procedure of successive specification of decisions with the use of the proposed system of mathematical models, in which the strategies are compared, discarded, and selected by their efficiency.  相似文献   

Assessment of erosion and settling properties of fine sediments stored in cobble bed rivers: the Arc and Isère alpine rivers before and after reservoir flushing          下载免费PDF全文

C. Legout  I.G. Droppo  J. Coutaz  C. Bel  M. Jodeau 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(6):1295-1309

Cohesive sediment dynamics in mountainous rivers is poorly understood even though these rivers are the main providers of fine particles to the oceans. Complex interactions exist between the coarse matrix of cobble bed rivers and fine sediments. Given that fine sediment load in such environments can be very high due to intense natural rainfall or snowmelt events and to man‐induced reservoir or dam flushing, a better understanding of the deposition and sedimentation processes is needed in order to reduce ecohydrological downstream impacts. We tested a field‐based approach on the Arc and Isère alpine rivers combining measurements of erosion and settling properties of river bed deposits before and after a dam flushing, with the U‐GEMS (Gust Erosion Microcosm System) and SCAF (System Characterizing Aggregates and Flocs), respectively. These measurements highlight that critical shears, rates of erosion, settling velocities and propensity of particles to flocculate are highly variable in time and space. This is reflective of the heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic conditions during particle settling, local bed roughness, and nature and size of particles. Generally the deposits were found to be stable relative to what is measured in lowland rivers. It was, however, not possible to make a conclusive assessment of the extent to which the dynamics of deposits after reservoir flushing were different from those settled after natural events. The absence of any relationships between erosion and deposition variables, making it impossible to predict one from another, underlined the need to measure all of them to have a full assessment of the fine sediment dynamics and to obtain representative input variables for numerical models. While the SCAF was found to be effective, an alternative to the U‐GEMS device will have to be found for the erodibility assessment in cobble bed rivers, in order to make more rapid measurements at higher shears. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Detection,Estimation of Magnitude,and Relative Location of Weak Aftershocks Using Waveform Cross-Correlation: The Earthquake of August 7, 2016, in the Town of Mariupol     

I.?O.?Kitov  I.?A.?Sanina  S.?S.?Sergeev  M.?A.?Nesterkina  N.?L.?KonstantinovskayaEmail author 《Seismic Instruments》2018,54(2):158-174

The study of the stress-strain state of a medium in seismically quiet areas is difficult because of the absence of strong events. Under such circumstances, each earthquake, even relatively weak, is of high importance. In this case, all possible information on tectonic stresses and their dynamics, e.g., information on time, location, and magnitude of aftershocks, should be obtained from available seismic data. The earthquake near the town of Mariupol which occurred on August 7, 2016, had a body wave magnitude of 4.5–4.9 from the data of the different seismological centers. We detected 12 aftershocks that occurred within 5 days after the main shock using two seismic arrays (AKASG and BRTR) and one three-component station (KBZ) of the International Monitoring System, as well as two array stations of the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences. For six aftershocks, signals were found at three or more stations. The other aftershocks were detected from the data at two out of three nearest stations. Signal detection and association with aftershocks of the main shock, as well as estimation of magnitude and relative location of the found aftershocks, were carried out using the method of waveform cross-correlation (WFCC). The signals from the main shock that acted as the only master event (ME) for the WFCC method were used as waveform templates. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio and to determine the exact onset time of regular seismic waves from aftershocks, we used waveform templates of different length, from 10 to 180 s depending on the wave type and distance to the station, as well as band filtering in narrow frequency bands. The highest sensitivity of the detector and accuracy of the P-wave onset time estimates were reached when a waveform template included all regular waves from P to L _g . Association of signals with aftershocks was based on back projection of signal arrival times to origin times using the travel time from a master event to the station, which was measured with a very low error, being equal to almost half of the digitization step length. To develop a seismic event hypothesis, the origin times at two or more stations should be spaced within a 2-s interval.  相似文献   

Modern Geothermochronological and Paleomagnetic Potential for Solving Mineral Exploration Problems     

V. I. Powerman  R. V. Veselovskiy  D. K. Nurgaliev  S. V. Malyshev  E. B. Degtyareva  A. M. Pasenko  D. A. Gavryushkin  D. M. Kuzina  B. I. Gareev  G. A. Batalin  A. V. Latyshev 《Seismic Instruments》2018,54(5):579-585

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